OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers
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Best OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers
Are you hunting for a job in the field of OpenStack? Don’t worry! This time you will crack the interview and get a career of your desire. Most of the organizations nowadays are using OpenStack for their business operations and so the demand for professional and certified OpenStack experts is expanding every day. And so, Coursejet has provided this blog with top 50 OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers which are frequently asked by the interviewers to examine the skill of the aspirants. Here, we have covered all the important topics of OpenStack like Hypervisor, Nova commands, Cinder, OpenStack components and their utilities, networking options, cells, CPU pinning and more. This OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers will be a one-stop resource for aspirants to prepare for their interviews at ease.
Why should aspirants go through the top 50 OpenStack interview questions and answers of Coursejet before attending the interviews?
Coursejet has tied up with some of the leading recruiters in this field and has created all these questions in prior consultation with these interviewers. And, so aspirants can confidently mould themselves with this set of top 50 OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers before stepping into an interview. Questions from basic, intermediate to advanced level are clearly explained. All professionals from beginners to experts can make use of these questions to shine bright in their future. OpenStack experts are also paid high for being supporting business growth. So, start your preparation today with Coursejet. We wish you all success in your preparation and job search.
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Top OpenStack Interview Questions and Answers
OpenStack is free and open source software which assists in building and managing efficient cloud computing platforms for both private and public clouds. And, some of the beneficial components or services of OpenStack are as follows:
- Nova – It offers instances in line with the demands of the users.
- Neutron – It allows users to generate and affix several interfaces with the available networks.
- Keystone – It helps in providing authentication and authorization for all the users.
- Horizon – It brings in Graphical User Interface or GUI to perform day-to-day activities or tasks without hassles.
- Cinder – It ensures an efficient, consistent and secure block storing ability.
- Swift – It provides one of the exclusive storage platforms which can be integrated into any of the applications at ease.
- Glance – Images of various formats can be handled and managed at ease.
- Heat – It ensures the deployment of infrastructures automatically.
- Ceilometer – It is one of the best OpenStack components which can be used in billing tasks.
The three main components in OpenStack that are involved in presenting a modular architecture for OpenStack are as follows:
- OpenStack Compute – It can be used to manage several networks present in a virtual machine.
- OpenStack Object Storage – One of the essential storage systems that are compatible with all the object storages and block storages.
- Image Service – It is one of the delivery services that assure registration and discovery for foremost and exceptionally qualified virtual disk images.
Listed below are some of the key benefits of using OpenStack:
- OpenStack reduces the time required for maintenance and thus it is involved in boosting the business performance.
- It provides maximum availability and scalability, swift development process, maximizing the efficiency of utilizing the available resources and ensures improved agility.
- It assures an efficient cloud infrastructure and elevates the performance.
- OpenStack offers an exclusive range of services for the most-awaited infrastructures with an estimated time period.
- It builds data centres of its own and ensures over the available data that are either controlled or managed.
Compute node and Network node are the two different types of nodes found present in OpenStack.
The types of services which are involved in the controller mode of the OpenStack cloud architecture are listed as follows:
- Identity Services like Keystone
- Nova Services like Nova APIs
- Imaging Services that includes Glance
- Nova Schedulers, object services and other database blocks of nova
- Ceilometer Services
- MariaDB or MySQL database services and RabbitMQ messaging Services
- Networking Management services that accompany Neutron
- Networking agents and Orchestration Service that are similar to Heat
The following are the types of endpoints that are found available in OpenStack cloud computing services:
- Public type endpoint
- Admin type endpoint
- Internal type endpoint
A Hypervisor is nothing but computer hardware or firmware which can be used to deliver virtual machine instances that are required for the cloud computing instances while some of the Hypervisors with their definitions are provided below:
KVM – It is one of the virtualization layers present in KVM or Kernel-based Virtual Machine.
VMWare – This comes under an ESXi Hypervisor which is nothing but an enterprise-class version of Hypervisor.
Containers – This is one of the cloud-native Hypervisor types.
Xen – This comes under a microkernel Hypervisor type that allows several operating systems of a computer to perform in single computer hardware during a concurrent mode.
Hyper-V – Also known as Windows Server Virtualization and it can be utilized in developing several types of virtual machines on operating systems like Windows OS x86–64 version.
The command-line interface tool that is used to manage both the hypervisor and the guest is known as virsh.
OpenStack is a set of software tools that are recognized to be an open source and which allows users to effectively manage and deploy cloud infrastructure as a service platform also known as IaaS. It can support both the public and private cloud deployment and management. It assists cloud technologies with the two main features which include easier implementation process and huge scalability.
OpenStack networking can also be defined as a Neutron and it is one of the core components or projects present in OpenStack. But at the time of commencement network was under the Nova project or component of OpenStack and was termed as Nova-networking. The types of networking options that are found in the OpenStack are as follows:
- VLAN Network Manager
- Flat Network Manager
- Flat DHCP Network Manager
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OpenStack is actually an open source software tool which is adapted by most of the enterprises and thus it is compatible for heterogeneous infrastructure while AWS otherwise known as Amazon Web Services are used to compute the cloud capacity and making web-scale cloud computing simpler for the developers.
This is one of the frequently asked OpenStack interview questions and the table below will illustrate the unique differences between AWS and OpenStack.
AWS | OpenStack |
It makes use of the Operating System that is offered by the cloud administrator | It makes use of the Operating System that is ensured by AMIs via AWS |
AWS is licensed by Amazon | OpenStack is an open source software |
Here, the repetition of operations are performed by templates | Here, the repetition of operations are performed by text files |
“CPU Pinning” in OpenStack is only the way toward keeping down the key portions of the virtual machine in accordance with the particular necessities. What’s more, it can likewise be characterized as the cycle isolating or disengaging the CPU.
The way using which the required data packets are transferred from the one essential origin to the oter destination at ease is known as an Overflow rule in OpenStack.
This is one of the commonly asked OpenStack interview questions and the types of storages are as follows:
Volume Storage – It is actually an independent storage type and is highly persistent.
Ephemeral Storage – It is like a single storage instance that disappears once a virtual machine is terminated.
Most of the interviewers are asking this question in the OpenStack interview and this question is not direct so aspirants might miss stating the answer. But with the help of reading the blog of Coursejet, aspirants can certainly answer this question.
The three different persistent storage types of OpenStack are as follows:
- Object storage
- Block storage
- File-based storage
Object storage is made use of in OpenStack through one of the leading Object Storage services known as Swift. By making diligent use of REST API, the binary objects can be easily accessed by the users. The other main benefits of using object storage are as follows:
All the virtual machine images of OpenStack are stored securely in the object storage system.
The OpenStack dashboard can be easily accessed with the help of an object storage system.
Several data centres can be stored in the object storage system as per the necessity of the users.
Nowadays this question is frequently asked by the OpenStack recruiters. And, so getting to know the answers to this question is important.
Listed below are the types of VM images that are stored in OpenStack:
- File system
- HTTP
- Object storage by OpenStack
- GridFS
- Rados Block Device
- S3
/var/lib/nova/instances is VMs default location in OpenStack.
Block storage offers several back ends which are similar to drivers and it can be made use of in OpenStack through one of the leading Block Storage services known as Cinder. As block storage is persistent, it can be conveniently isolated and affixed from one particular instance to the other at ease without hassles.
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A set of service which can be implemented to manage several files at a particular time is known as a file-based storage system in OpenStack. Also, these set of files can be distributed with several users within a point of time.
In most of the OpenStack interviews, the interviewer might ask this type of question directly like – to explain the terms “Users” or “Tenants” or “Roles”. But in some interviews to make it slightly twisted your interviewer or recruiter might ask the question like this, so prepare for this pattern too. Check CourseJet for more advanced OpenStack interview questions.
Listed below are some of the useful identity user management components with definition:
- Users – They are the members of several projects.
- Roles – It is actually a position to which the members or users are specifically mapped as per the requirement. It is commonly allocated to a project-user combo.
- Tenants – It is generally a collection of users and it can also be defined as a substitute notation for accounts or projects in which the projects are declared to be an organizational unit found in the cloud processing.
sudo nova-manage user create user-name is the command using which a tenant can be assigned to any specific user.
Listed below are some of the widely used commodity storage technologies found in OpenStack:
- Ceph
- LVM
- Gluster
- Sheepdog
- NFS
- iSCSI
- ZFS
One of the organized commodity storages in OpenStack which can be utilized as a userspace distributed storage system is known as Sheepdog that ensures some of the special virtual disk management highlights like:
- Rollback
- Cloning
- Snapshot
- Thin provisioning
ZFS offers back ends for OpenStack block storage that is backed by a Solaris-based system which is similar to Illumos and it provides other beneficial advantages too.
- Some of the main advantages of Ceph are as follows:
- Ceph provides better replication methodologies and data distribution process.
- Ceph is also a support system which can initiate speed booting services.
- Ceph is actually a consolidation of object and block storage.
An essential identity service which can be used to execute the overall OpenStack identity APIs is known as the keystone identity service in OpenStack.
The following are the main functionalities of the keystone identity service:
- User management
- It is used in the service catalog
- Also, used in tracking users and user permissions
This is one of the important questions asked recently in OpenStack interviews. Coursejet has bought this question in order to assist aspirants in cracking the interview. The following is the order in which a nova service should be restarted in a compute node, have a glance at it before you walk into an interview:
- service nova-api restart
- service nova-cert restart
- service nova-conductor restart
- service nova-consoleauth restart
- service nova-scheduler restart
The process of tagging and untagging VLAN for such traffics that are originated from and that is directed towards an instance that is particularly executed on a compute node is the main function of an Integration Bridge or br-int.
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With the help of OverFlow rules, Tunnel Bridge or br-tun effectively converts the VLAN tagged traffic generated from the Integration Bridge into the corresponding tunnel ids.
True to its name, this type of bridge transfers the traffic from and to the network in order to provide an instance with external access ability.
The main process that assists in scaling up an OpenStack Compute cloud at ease is known as cells. During this process, the host present in the OpenStack Compute cloud is segmented into several groups known as cells which can also be configured as trees.
Following are the hardware types that are preferred by OpenStack for networking:
- Networks
- Routers
- Subnets
- Ports
- Vendor Plugins
cinder transfer* is the command using which you can transfer a volume from one source to another destination at ease without any hassles.
This is one of the common OpenStack interview questions asked frequently, so have a glance at the below command before you attend an interview:
- $ novaunpause INSTANCE_NAME
- $ nova pause INSTANCE_NAME
The bare metal node provides access to gain overall control over the bare metal driver and the hardware resources that are found available on the same network. There are two different components that are found present in the bare metal node and they are as follows:
Bare metal node orchestrator – It belongs to management software and it performs like a dispatcher for all the nodes that are available in a cluster.
Bare metal node operating system – It comes under base software that effectively runs on each node present in a cluster.
bare metal interface remove is the command using which a network interface can be easily removed from the bare metal node.
The various networking options found in OpenStack are as follows:
- Retry filter
- Instance locality filter
- Availability zone filter
- Capacity filter
- Different back-end filter
- Driver filter
- JSON filter
- Same back-end filter
Filter scheduler ensures reliable support for compute node, weighting and filtering. Also, it notifies when a new instance has to be created. A dictionary for an unfiltered host will be created at first and then it will be filtered corresponding to their attributes.
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The main utility of cinder schedule is that it generates a request for particular and specific volume service which can also be defined as the routing volume.
An available hardware configuration for a server that denotes the size of the virtual server to be launched is known as the flavor.
The token is like an authentication, as users enter the credentials these tokens will be created and users can get access to the keystone and OpenStack. A token can be used only for a particular time if you are run out of time, and then a new token has to be created.
The main function of the API server is that it creates an interface between the cloud infrastructure and the external world.
Python SDK also is known as Python Software Development Kit which can assist the users in writing applications in order to automate tasks by calling Python objects. It is actually a platform where several OpenStack services can be handled at a single point of contact.
nova floating-ip-* is the command by using which you can manage the floating IP addresses present in OpenStack.
Following are the commands used to create key pairs at ease:
- ssh-keygen
- cd .ssh
- nova keypair-add –pub_key id_rsa.pub mykey
Following are the main functions of “nova” command:
- It maintains the resources of compute node effectively
- It can be used to provide better networking and authentication facilities
- It can also manage the instances perfectly
A web-based dashboard known as horizon can be used to manage the services that are being provided by the OpenStack.
The data found available in the deleted account which are not used by the users for a long period then it can be easily removed with the help of Account Reaper.
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