DevOps Interview Questions and Answers
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Best DevOps Interview Questions and Answers
The future is exactly yours when you are a DevOps engineer or willing to jump into the DevOps sector! 50% of the top the multinational companies around the globe is now implementing DevOps and they are in need of well-trained and certified DevOps engineers. Here you will find top 50 DevOps interview Questions and Answers asked by the top employers. Every fresher and professional DevOps engineers can make use of these DevOps interview questions to attend the interviews perfectly and sustain a perfect career in the future.
Most of the companies are now looking for DevOps professionals to carry out their business tasks. So entering into this field will be your cup of coffee. Never miss developing your DevOps skills. If you are already preparing for DevOps interview, then these top 50 DevOps interview questions and answers will be effective in evaluating your DevOps understanding and will be helpful in facing the interviews confidently. Just go through these DevOps interview questions and upgrade your skill. We wish you all success in your technical DevOps interview. Get placed in the top organizations and get paid more.
The IT nowadays is highly relying on DevOps which is actually collaboration or an effective communication between the software developers and the deployment or operational team. DevOps is used to deliver software quickly with low failure rates.
DevOps | Agile |
Ensures agility is both operations and development | Ensures holistic agility only in the development |
Both quality and timeliness are given equal priority | High priority is given only to the timeliness |
CI, CD, CT are some of the processes involved | Agile scrum, Agile kanban are some of the processes |
Self monitoring is the source of feedback | Customers are the source of feedback |
It is suitable for both agility and automation | Only agile |
A DevOps engineer requires Python scripting language which is simple and used to perform well in the DevOps sector.
An important component of agile process is continuous integration. Developers actually make changes to the features in no time and commit those changes to the version control repository. Once committed, developers can work on more effectively as the build can be checked on a regular basis but it is important for the developers to integrate the build with others so that they can receive feedback as early as possible.
An extension of continuous integration via which the developed features reach the end user within the specified time is known as continuous delivery. In this process, several quality analysis checkups and staging will be performed to check the accuracy of the feature before it reaches the production system.
As and when an application is effectively developed and deployed, it has to be monitored continuously so that we can unleash the error and make it right before it causes a major damage to the application.
The process of validating the developed and integrated code several times to ensure it works fine before it reaches the end-user is known as continuous testing.
To implement new highlights or features in no time and to debug errors instantly, developers can make use of DevOps. It is also helpful in furnishing clear communication between the colleagues.
There are several tools used in DevOps while some are listed below:
- Jenkins
- Ansible
- ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana)
- Jenkins
- Docker
- Nagios
- Monit
- Git
The two essential tools used for docker networking are Kubernetes and Docker Swarm.
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The commit that has introduced a bug with the help of binary search can be found easily with Git Bisect.
For effectively migrating the SVN to Git, we can use SubGit tool. With SubGit tool, we can also create or build a writable Git mirror for local or remote subversion repository.
Listed below are some of the key components of DevOps:
- Continuous Monitoring
- Continuous Integration
- Continuous Testing
- Continuous Delivery
A build is nothing but combining the source code together and checking whether the code works fine in the form of a single unit. While creating a build process, the source code will be put to various processes like compilation, inspecting, testing, and deployment.
The key aspects or the core principle of DevOps are listed below:
- Infrastructure as code
- Continuous deployment
- Automation
- Monitoring
- Security
A project management tool that is used to automate administration tasks are known as puppet.
The application development of DevOps undergo the below listed processes:
- Code building
- Code coverage
- Unit testing
- Packaging
- Deployment
The identification of two ways from the separate categories for the users is known as a two faction authentication which is known to ensure complete security.
Some of the cloud platforms that are used in DevOps implementation are as follows:
- Google Cloud
- Amazon Web Services
- Microsoft Azure
It is a pattern that minimizes the risk of bringing up new version software into the existing production environment. It can be achieved by introducing canary release to the subset of users before introducing it to the complete users available in a controlled manner.
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Below listed are some of the operations involved in the infrastructure of DevOps:
- Provisioning
- Configuration
- Orchestration
- Deployment
Continuous testing is the only method through which we can state that a new service is ready for production.
PTR which is known are the Pointer Record is maximum used in the reverse DNS lookup.
The powerful automation platform that transforms infrastructure into code effectively is known as a chef. Here we can use write scripts in order to automate any processes.
A resource is a piece of infrastructure in a specified desired state, which can be a package that has to be installed, a piece of service that has to run without interruptions or a file that has to be effectively generated.
The key functions of resource in chef are as follows:
- It can describe the desired state of any configuration
- It describes the steps to bring those configuration items to desired state
- It can specify some of the resource types like template, package and service
A collection of resources that describes everything that is used to configure any part of the system is known as a recipe.
Some of the core functions of recipe in chef are as follows:
- It is used to install and configure the software components
- It is used to manage files and deploy applications
- It can be used to execute other valid recipes too
A recipe is a collection of resources while a cookbook is a collection of recipes.
Some of the technical benefits of DevOps are as follows:
- Continuous and quick software delivery
- Lower complex issues that has to be fixed
- Quick solution to fix the problems
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Some of the business benefits of DevOps are as follows:
- Instant feature deliveries
- Operating environment is highly stable
- Rather than maintain and fix, you will have more time to add value
DevOps actually helps us to achieve faster production with lower failure rates. It also helps us to achieve easy, instant, and effective communication between the Ops and the Dev team to produce quality software without any hassles within the committed time frame.
A common usage followed mostly is the pattern while a pattern which is adopted by others that does not perform for any particular organization and we follow it without any doubts, then it is known as an anti-pattern.
Version control is a system that actually records the changes to a set of files or an individual file so far so that we can recall or go through the files later whenever needed. It comprises of a central shared repository through which the teammates can make changes to a set of file or an individual file.
Version control allows a user to do the following:
- To revert the files or an entire project back to their previous state
- To estimate the changes so far
- To find the last changes, and the person who made the change to avoid problems
- To find out who and when they introduced an issue
The benefits of version control system are as follows:
- With version control system, the teammates can work on any particular file at any time of their desire
- Version Control System (VCS) consist of all the past versions, files and variants
- As it holds all the project history and files, users can extract any data at any time even if the central server is crashed
- Also, we can get to know the complete changes made to the file exactly
Some of the prerequisites required to implement DevOps effectively are as follows:
- Need atleast a single version control system
- Need effective communication between colleagues
- Automated testing and deployment
The roles of configuration management in DevOps are as follows:
- It is used to manage and makes changes to several systems
- It is used to standardize resource configurations which will be used to manage IT infrastructure effectively
- It is used to manage and administer several servers and maintains efficient integrity of the holistic infrastructure
The roles of AWS in DevOps are as follows:
- AWS is used to automate complex tasks and it assures more time for the users to innovate new concepts in DevOps.
- With AWS service, users can manage single or thousands of instances effectively.
- Without the need to set up or install software, users can ensure a flexible and easy-to-use operation.
Continuous integration and continuous delivery are some of the services offered by CodePipleline. It ensures latest infrastructure updates, new software updates and features quickly. It makes it easier to perform building, testing and deploying as per defined by the user.
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A fully managed in-house build service that is used in the compilation of source code, testing, and introducing software packages that are ready to deploy are known as CodeBuild. This is automatically scaled and so ther is no need to manage, allocate to scale up the build servers. As the build operations are maintained concurrently, no builds will be left in the queue waiting.
The process of automating the deployment of code to any instance let it be a local server or Amazon’s EC2 instance is known as the CodeDeploy. It can actually simplify all the complexities that are associated in updating the application that is ready for release. The core advantange of CodeDeploy is that is fasten the activity of releasing several new builds and features thus neglecting the downtime which may occur during the process of deployment.
A single that performs several actions from developing, building operations to provisioning the methodologies of deployment for the AWS users is known as CodeStar. It is a single user interface that assists users in managing all the activities involved in software development. It is mainly used to set up a continuous pipeline of delivery that ensures rapid release of code into the production unit by the developers.
There are 3 important DevOps KPIs and they are:
- Meantime to failure recovery
- Deployment frequency
- Percentage of failed deployments
The only test that ensures complete recovery without any functionality or data loss after a major failure is known as the resilience test.
Pair programming is where a couple of programmers can work on the same system and on the same design, code or algorithm.
The meeting in which certain concepts like the failure and the steps to overcome those failures are discussed is known are post mortem meeting.
DevOps is used in the below listed sectors in wide:
- Production
- IT Operation
- Software Development
- Production Feedback
A lightweight virtualization that offers excellent isolation among processes is known as containers.
Dogpile effect is known as when a cache is expired and when the website is given several requests by the users at a single point of time. A semaphore lock is the only way which can prevent this effect.
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