Python Interview Questions and Answers
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Best Python Interview Questions and Answers
As the world is digitalized, the popularity of big data and analytics increased tremendously. And, this is why most of the data scientists prefer the best programming language python. This is because python ensures simple coding, it is highly scalable, and it has a wide collection of frameworks and libraries which simplifies the task of companies that make use of big data or analytics. Do you know? An expert python programmer is earning up to $122K per year. Are you applying for a job that involves python programming skill? Then you are in the right page.
Here you will get the top 50 Python Interview Questions and Answers that are possibly asked by the interviewers. By glancing these top 50 python interview questions and answers before attending your interview, it is certain that you will succeed your python interview and will get the best high paying career in the future. This will be your one-stop resource to upgrade your interview preparation. Here, we have covered almost every python interview questions and answers from the basic level to the high level questions that will be suitable for every fresher and professional to prepare for their interviews. We wish you the career of your choice.
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Shallow copy will create an object and populates the created object in line with the child object that is present within the parent or original object. Thus the changes or modification done in the original object will affect the copy too.
Shallow copy is created by copy.copy()
Deep copy will create an object and populates the created object with the child object of the parent or original object. Thus the changes or modification done in the original object will not affect the copy.
Deep copy is created by copy.deepcopy()
When multiple threads are executed or processed concurrently it is known as multithreading. But the global interpreter lock of python does not allow multiple threads at a time, so python uses context switching methodology to implement multithreading process which is actually different from the normal multiprocessing technology.
Pickling is nothing but converting the hierarchy of a Python object into a byte stream while the vice versa is known as unpickling. Also, pickling can be otherwise known as serialization while unpickling is known as deserialization.
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Python modules consist of Python codes which can be of function classes or variables. Some of the in-built Python modules are as follows:
- os
- sys
- random
- math
- JSON
- data time
- int() is used to convert a data type into an integer
- float() is used to convert a data type into a float type
- ord() this actually converts a character into an integer
- hex() this converts integers into hexadecimals
- oct() is used to convert an integer into an octal
- tuple() converts any data type into a tuple
- set() it returns the type after converting into a set
- list() this converts any data type into a list
- dict() this is used to convert a tuple into a dictionary
- str() actually converts an integer into a string
- complex(real,imag) this is actually used to convert a real number into a complex number
A function is defined to be a set of code which is executed only when it is solely called to do so. To call a function, def keyword can be used.
Example
def Newfunc()
Print (“Hi, This is Python”)
Newfunc();
Output: Hi, This is Python
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Break: When some condition is met it allows the loop termination and then transfers the control to the next statement.
Continue: When some condition is met it skips some part of the loop and then transfers the control to the beginning of the loop.
Pass: It can be used when you need some code to be present syntactically but you never need its execution. This is also known as a null operation because no changes will happen once it is executed.
stg=’RAIN’ print(stg.lower())Output: rain
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- Floating point
- Strings
- Built-in functions
- Integers
- Complex numbers
- Boolean
- Numpy
- Matplotlib
- Pandas
- Scikit-learn
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A class keyword in Python is used to create a class in Python.
Example:
class Forest:
def_init_(self, name):
self.name = name
F1 = Forest(“Giraffe”)
print(F1.name)
Output: Giraffe
Data abstraction provides only the details while it hides the implementation process from the world. Interfaces and Abstract classes are used to achieve data abstraction in Python.
The web service that is used to build web pages is known as Django. The architecture of Django is explained below:
Template – It is known as the web page’s front end
Model – This is the back end where the data are stored
View – This will actually interact with the template and model and maps it perfectly to the URL
Django – Serves or displays the web page to the user
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Intermediate Python Interview Questions and Answers
We use Python in different domains, following are some of the applications
- Games
- Internet and web development
- Language development
- Computational and scientific applications
- Operating systems
- Graphic design applications
- Image processing applications
- Business and enterprise application development
- GUI based desktop applications
The key advantages of Python are as follows:
Portable Python programs will run on every platform without affecting its performance.
Object-oriented Python permits you to implement object-oriented concepts to design application solutions.
Built-in data structure list, dictionary, tuple are usefully integrated data structures given by the language.
Extensible Python is very extensible and flexible with any module.
Cross-platform interpreted Python is an interpreted language. It does not need any prior compilation of code plus executes the instructions undeviatingly.
Open-source and free Python is an open-source project that is publicly available to reuse. We can download it free of cost.
Numeric literals There are three types of numeric literals that are supported by Python they are integer, float, and complex.
Integer literal a = 20
Float literal x = 1.25
Complex literal y = 2.46z
String literals we can form string literals by enclosing a text in double quotes
Example “nibba”, ‘45678’.
Boolean literals we denote boolean literals using boolean. These literals project the results either as true or false.
Example IsBoolean = True.
The zip() function in Python returns a zip object and this maps an identical index of different containers. Moreover, it takes an iterable, converts it into an iterator, and also aggregates all the elements based on the iterables passed. Furthermore, It returns an iterator of tuples.
Signature
zip(iterator1, iterator2, iterator3…)
Parameters
Iterator1, iterator2, iterator3 are the iterator objects that are combined.
Return
This returns an iterator from two or more iterators.
remove() eliminates the first matching object or value, not particular indexing. For example list.remove(value).
Example
List = [30,40,50,60]
List.remove(50)
print(list)
Output
[30,40,60]
del eliminates the item at a particular index for example del list[index]
Example
List = [30,40,50,60]
del list[2]
print(list)
Output
[30,40,60]
Pop eliminates the item at a particular index and returns it. For example list.pop(index).
Example
list = [100,300,400,500]
list.pop(1)
print(list)
Output
[100,400,500]
The swapcase() is a string’s function that converts every uppercase character within lowercase also vice versa. It is used to modify the current case of that string. This method builds a representation of the string which includes all the characters within the swap case. If the string is within lowercase, it creates a small case string also vice versa. It automatically neglects all those non-alphabetic characters.
Example
string = “LOWERCASE”
print(string.swapcase())
string = “uppercase”
print(string.swapcase())
Output
lowercase
UPPERCASE
The join() is described as a string method that returns a string value. It is a sequence of the elements of an iterable. It gives a docile way to concatenate those strings.
str = “ariya”
str2 = “xy”
str2 = str.join(str2)
print(str2)
Output xariyay
The shuffle() method is used to shuffle the given string or else an array. It randomizes the items within the array. This method is present within some random modules. So, we need to import the module and then call that specific function. It shuffles elements whenever the function calls plus produces various outputs.
Example
import random
list = [1,2,3,4,5,6,];
print(list)
random.shuffle(list)
print (“shuffled list \n”, list)
Output
[1,2,3,4,5,6]
Shuffled list
[3,4,1,5,6,2]
The break statement is utilized to eliminate the execution of that current loop. A break perpetually breaks the current execution plus transfer control outside that current block. If the block is within a loop, then that exits from the loop, also if the break is there within a nested loop, that exits from the innermost loop.
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- Pass by reference
- Pass by value
The pass by value is that when we pass these arguments to the function simply values pass to that function, no reference passes to that function. It makes it permanent which means we cannot change it. Both variables possess different values, including that the original value continues even after changing the function. 
To remove the whitespaces including trailing spaces of that string, Python gives a strip([str]) built-in function. That function returns a copy of that string after removing whitespaces if present. Unless it returns the initial string.
Before we know what is a dynamically typed language, we should discover what typing is. Typing leads to type-checking within programming languages. Inside a strongly-typed language, like Python, “5” + 2 will give the output as a type error because these languages do not permit for “type-coercion”. On the other side, a weakly-typed language, like Javascript, will give the output “52” as a result.
We can type-check in two different stages
Static we can check data types before the execution
Dynamic we can check data types during the execution
There are four different types of file processing modes in Python.
Read-only opens a file for reading.
Write-only open a file for writing.
Read-write opens a file for writing as well as reading.
Append opens a file for writing, append to the end of the opened file.
The six different types of operators in Python are
- Logical operators
- Arithmetic operators
- Identity operators
- Assignment operators
- Bitwise operators
- Membership operators
| Criteria | Python | Java |
| Ease of use | Very Good | Good |
| Data types | Dynamic type | Static type |
| Coding speed | Excellent | Average |
| Data science | Very good | Average |
There are four different types of scopes in Python
- Local scope
- Global scope
- Module-level scope
- Outermost scope
Lambda is an uncredited function within Python, that can acquire any number of arguments, however, can only have a unique expression. It is commonly utilized in situations demanding an anonymous function for an abrupt period. Lambda functions can be utilized in either of the ways:
Assigning lambda functions to a variable.
Wrapping lambda functions within other functions.
Self is a keyword within Python utilized to define an example of an object of a class. within Python, it is explicitly utilized as the first parameter, unlike in Java wherever it is optional. It assists in differentiating among the methods including attributes of a class of its local variables.
Pylint is the tool that verifies whether the module meets the coding standard, and Pychecker is another tool that is used to check if there are any bugs, and it also helps to perform static analysis.
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The difference between list and tuple is that list is changeable while tuple is not. We can hash the tuple for example, as a key for dictionaries.
There are two different built-in types available in Python, and they are
Mutable built-in types
- Sets
- Lists
- Dictionaries
Immutable built-in types
- Numbers
- Strings
- Tuples
Slicing is a mechanism that is used to select a range of items from a sequence like strings, tuples, lists, etc.
If you want to copy an object in Python, you can try a copy.deepcopy() or copy.copy() for the general case.
To convert a number to a string, use the str() built-in function. This function takes an integer as input and gives a string as an output.
Example
>>> num= 666
>>> number_as_string= str(num)
>>> number_as_string
Output
‘666’
Xrange returns the object of xrange while range returns a list and utilizes the same memory no matter what the size of the range is.
You have to follow two simple steps to execute the Python script on Unix.
The first line of the script must start with # ( #!/python/local/bin/usr).
Script files must be executable.
We can generate random numbers by importing the command as
Import random
random.random()
This generates random numbers.
A common method for the flask script to work is either it must be a path to the file or an import path for your application.
There are three types of namespaces in Python are
• Global namespace
• Local namespace
• Built-in namespace
%s is used to convert any value into a string in Python.
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