Kubernetes Interview Questions and Answers
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Best Kubernetes Interview Questions and Answers
Kubernetes is one of the advanced fields, recently adopted by many organizations. Most organizations look for certified Kubernetes specialists to assist them in their progress. In this blog, the team of Coursejet has covered all the core topics interrelated with Kubernetes. Here, you will get answers to various queries like what is Kubernetes, Docker swarm, how does Kubernetes and docker swarm differ from each other, kubectl, commands, architecture, features, pods, nodes, security measures, orchestration, and more. We always aim to provide complete concept clearance to the aspirants who wish to attend Kubernetes interviews. Our team has a bond with the Kubernetes recruiters and top multinational company recruiters such that they consult and prepare frequently asked Kubernetes interview questions and answers that will elevate the success rate of the aspirants to get placed in their desired core company.
How Coursejet makes your Kubernetes interview preparation simple?
Apart from providing an online Kubernetes certification course, we do offer the top 50 Kubernetes interview questions and answers that are frequently asked in the interviews with relevant answers. These questions will be suitable for both beginners and experienced Kubernetes professionals to boost their career progress in the shortest lead-time. Also, you can contact our expert team to clarify doubts and prepare wisely for the interviews. Always walk in for an interview confidently and expose your skillset smartly. But, to be confident, it is always essential for the aspirants to prepare wisely, and this is why Coursejet post frequent kubernetes interview questions and answers blog. Acquire success in life by learning with Coursejet!
The following table will illustrate the difference between Kubernetes and Docker Swarm:
Kubernetes | Docker Swarm |
The setup process is highly complicated while the cluster installed is robust | The setup process is easy and the cluster installed is not robust too |
Kubernetes is highly scalable and it has the capability to scale fast | Docker Swarm is also scalable and scales 5 times faster than the Kubernetes |
Auto-scaling is possible with Kubernetes | Auto-scaling is not possible in Docker Swarm |
It can easily deploy the rolling updates and ensures automatic rollbacks | It can also easily deploy rolling updates but automatic rollbacks are not possible |
It can share the storage volumes with the same containers in the same pods | It can share storage volumes with the other containers too |
An open-source container management tool that does the following duties is known as Kubernetes:
- Container deployment
- Scaling & descaling of containers
- Load balancing
As Kubernetes is defined to be the brainchild of Google, it ensures an easy-to-use community and performs excellently with all the cloud providers. And, so Kubernetes is a multi-container management solution and not a containerization platform.
As Kubernetes consists of container orchestration tools, it can easily handle containers at ease using which users can deploy applications in no time and fulfil the customer’s requirement at ease. Some of the benefits of Kubernetes are as follows:
- Automatic scheduling and rollback
- Horizontal scaling
- Auto-healing capability
The two most important primary components of the Kubernetes are as follows:
- Master Node
- Worker Node
Each of the components of Kubernetes has its own components to perform well.
- This is one of the top 50 Kubernetes Interview Questions and Answers asked frequently in the Kubernetes interviews as the follow-up question of the difference between Docker Swarm and Kubernetes.
- Kubernetes is also referred to as the container for Docker that is highly comprehensive than Docker Swarm. It is developed to counterpart the node clusters in an organized manner. While Docker can be defined as a platform where Docker containers can be built or executed.
The smallest fundamental unit that is used to compute hardware is known as the node. It can also be defined as a working machine or a minion. The nodes in Kubernetes can also be referred to as a virtual machine or physical machine. Every node consists of a service that can be used to execute a pod and all the nodes are managed by the master components. The services of nodes may include Kube-proxy, Kubelet, and more.
This is one of the important top 50 Kubernetes interview questions that every aspirant should prepare before attending an interview.
The group of containers that run on the same host can be defined as the pods in Kubernetes. So, on deploying the containers regularly, both the pods and the containers will be the same and one.
Always, this Kubernetes question will be the follow-up interview question of the node. So, aspirants should prepare themselves for this question before they take up a Kubernetes interview.
This question is frequently asked in every Kubernetes interview. On consulting with several recruiters in this field, Coursejet has added this question to the top 50 Kubernetes interview questions blog of 2021.
A pod checks whether the container is actively executing or not while the function of the job in Kubernetes is to check whether pods are run until the completion of a particular task.
Kubelet is an agent service running on every node to activate the slaves to communicate with the masters at ease. Also, Kubelets work on the container’s description present in the PodSpec to ensure that the containers of the PodSpec are working without hassles.
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GKE or Google Container Engine is nothing but an open-source management platform compatible with both the clusters and the Docker containers. These engines are Kubernetes-based and support only the clusters present within the range of Google’s public cloud services.
From the many containers present in the pods of the Kubernetes, the first or the initial container executed before processing the other containers present in the pod, is known as the init containers.
This is one of the frequently asked Kubernetes interview questions. Most of the Kubernetes recruiters ask this question to determine the skill set of the aspirants.
A software process using which we can integrate any number of applications is known as orchestration.
With orchestration, we can automate, coordinate, and manage computer applications. The aim advantage of orchestration is that it can be used to streamline and optimize repetitive tasks.
The Kubernetes namespace is implemented in environments where several users of different geographical zones are working on several projects. The key function of the Kubernetes namespace is that it splits the cluster resources available across multiple users.
Minikube is nothing but a tool that helps Kubernetes to work locally at ease. It can be used to run a single-node Kubernetes cluster within a virtual machine.
The Kubectl is a platform that makes it simpler to transmit commands into the cluster. With Kubectl, we can pass several commands to the Kubernetes cluster using which users can easily create and manage any components of the Kubernetes.
Most of the aspirants will get this question in Kubernetes interview. Coursejet experts have discussed with the recruiters before planning a suitable answer to this question.
List out the commands that you know among the list of commands that we have shared:
- kubectl apply
- kubectl annotate
- kubectl attach
- kubectl api-versions
- kubectl autoscale
- kubectl config
- kubectl cluster-info
- kubectl cluster-info dump
- kubectl set cluster
- kubectl get clusters
- kubectl set-credentials
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Both create command and Kubectl when merged can ensure several possibilities that include:
- Creating namespace
- Creating deployment
- Creating secrets
- Creating secret generic
- Creating secret docker-registry
- Creating quota
- Creating service account
- Creating node port
- Creating load balancer
- Creating ClusterIP
With the help of node port service, we can get abundant external traffic to the other Kubernetes services. It accesses a particular port and distributed the traffic belonging to that particular port.
To drain any particular node during the time of maintenance, you can make use of the Kubectl command. On implementing this command, the node will immediately go under maintenance and will be no longer available for the users. Only after the maintenance job gets completed, users can access this node and allocate it to the containers as preferred.
The Kube-apiserver is known as the front-end master node control panel and adapts a scale-out architecture. It highlights all the Kubernetes master node component’s APIs. Kube-apiserver is also known to establish a reliable communication between the Kubernetes node and the Kubernetes master components.
This is one of the frequently asked Kubernetes interview questions that every aspirant should prepare before attending a Kubernetes interview. Aspirants can answer this question as follows:
Daemon sets in Kubernetes are also known as the pods executed on a particular host and used to monitor the host layer’s attributes like networks and simple networks.
Coursejet brings all the important questions and answers that are frequently asked in the Kubernetes interview. This question is more often asked as a follow-up question of the cluster’s working principle. So, aspirants have to prepare an answer to this question too.
The working principle of master nodes in Kubernetes is as follows:
- The role of the Kubernetes master is to manage and control the nodes that consist of the containers.
- Every container will be sheltered in a pod and every pod can contain as many containers as per the configuration and requirement.
- So, we have to prefer either the interface or CLI which is also known as the Command Line Interface to deploy the pods.
- As per the resource requirement, all these pods will be allocated or scheduled to the nodes.
- Now, the master node service, known as the Kube-apiserver will ensure that there is a prompt collaboration between the nodes and the master components of the Kubernetes.
The Kubernetes controller manager is used to embed or integrate the control loops that have come along with the Kubernetes. Most of the automated services and robotic applications, make use of the control loops to achieve the particular state as per the user’s requirements because control loops are defined to be as the non-terminating loops.
The controller of the Kubernetes acts as the control loop to control the shared cluster state with the help of the apiserver. Some of the controllers that come along with the Kubernetes are replications, namespaces, and more.
The Kubernetes controller manager can also be represented as kube-controller-manager [flags]
The different types of controller managers available are as follows:
- Endpoints controller
- Service accounts controller
- Node controller
- Namespace controller
- Replication controller
- Token controller
The term etcd in Kubernetes is a distributed and reliable key value that is used to store critical data. Kubernetes can also be defined as a distributed system and so etcd is used to store all the distributed data.
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Listed below are some of the services available in Kubernetes:
- Cluster IP service
- Load Balancer service
- Node Port service
- External Name Creation service
Make use of the top 50 Kubernetes interview questions listed in the blog of Coursejet to brush up your skill.
This is one of the top 50 Kubernetes interview questions asked in most of the Kubernetes interviews. Coursejet has compiled only the top questions that have a high opportunity to occur in your interview.
The load balancing service of Kubernetes allows you to show the services. Internal load balancing and external load balancing are the two types of load balancing services in Kubernetes.
Internal load balancing:
It automatically balances the load and assigns pods in line with the requirements and configurations.
External load balancing:
It is used to transfer the complete traffic from the external loads to the backend pods at ease.
Expect docker images, there are no other special features to date to support the Kubernetes images. Docker images are also known as the source to develop an infrastructure for the containers that are sheltered within a pod where the docker images execute effectively.
Aspirants can expect this question in Kubernetes interviews for sure.
Keys contain values and labels contain keys that are linked to pods, Kubernetes services, and replication controllers. While creating an object, the label will be added and the label can be modified during execution.
In Kubernetes, various objects can make use of the same labels and selectors. But label selectors are distinct, so users can use these attributes to find a particular selector. The two types of label selectors are as follows:
- Selectors based on set: Using this type of selector, users can filter the keys by the set of values.
- Selectors based on equality: Using this type of selector, users can filter by keys and values separately. Then search list will match the requirements of the specified label.
Ingress network in Kubernetes is a collection of rules that provides support for connections into the cluster of the Kubernetes.
One of the frequently asked questions in the Kubernetes interview. It is used to manage multiple clusters in Kubernetes as a single cluster.
K8s is just another term for Kubernetes.
Recently, this question is highly asked by the Kubernetes recruiters.
This is one of the top 50 Kubernetes interview questions, and in the blog of Coursejet, you will find all the frequently asked Kubernetes interview questions which will help you to crack the interviews at ease.
The one that is used to extract information from the Kubernetes cluster and that is used to limit some of the services within a cluster is known as the ClusterIP.
The following table represents the difference between the Docker volumes and the Kubernetes volumes.
Docker Volumes | Kubernetes Volumes |
These volumes are limited to only specific pods present in a container. | These volumes are not limited to any particular container. |
It does not support all the containers that are deployed in Docker. | It supports either all or any of the containers that are deployed in the pods of the Kubernetes. |
Docker volumes do not provide support to storage. | Supports all the pod storage and multiple storage at a single point in time. |
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Most of the aspirants are now getting this question in the Kubernetes interview. Prepare for your Kubernetes interview with Coursejet’s blog to crack the interview and get placed in your favorite core company.
Secrets in Kubernetes stores the login credentials and sensitive information of the users after encrypting the details without data loss.
A headless service in Kubernetes is used to interact with the service directory without the need for establishing contact with the ClusterIP. This allows users to access pods directly without having to access proxy. The headless service can be preferred mostly at a time when both load balancing and single service IP are not required.
By changing the DND records, static IP can be easily generated for the Kubernetes load balancer as the Kubernetes master can now allocate a new static IP address.
To host pods on the specific nodes, we can make use of the node affinity. To allocate two pods to a single node, pod affinity can be used.
The rollback feature of Kubernetes is in-built with every deployment project. In case the existing deployment is unstable because of the application code or configuration, then we can rollback to the earlier version of deployment to avoid hassles. Rollback is something that updates the deployment object to the newest version possible.
This is one of the advanced Kubernetes interview questions and most of the experienced and certified Kubernetes professionals appearing for an interview might face this question in their Kubernetes interview.
Coursejet has prepared an answer to this question after consulting several top recruiters.
These are some of the interesting Kubernetes features using which we can mark a node to which none of the pods should be allocated until a pod tolerates the taints holistically. Also, these features can be used to create nodes for particular pods.
PostStart and PreStop are the two types of container hooks available in Kubernetes.
A package manager that ensures users to easily pack, configure, deploy services and applications associated with the Kubernetes cluster is known as Helm.
Following are some of the security measures that have to be taken while using Kubernetes:
- Restrict access to ETCD
- Apply security updates frequently
- Implement network segmentation
- Scan security vulnerability often
- Enable auditing & define resource quota
- Limit direct access to Kubernetes nodes
- Use images only from the authorized repository
Some of the disadvantages of using Kubernetes are as follows:
- Kubernetes dashboard is not as effective as expected
- Security is not up to the expectation
- It is highly complex to use and expensive
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